What Are the Differences Between IPE, INP, and IPB Beams? A Guide to Choosing the Right Beam
Steel beams are among the most critical structural steel sections used in the construction of building frameworks, industrial sheds, bridges, and industrial structures. These products are manufactured in various standards and shapes, with IPE, INP, and IPB being the most common types in the Iranian market.
Although these products all resemble the English letters “I” or “H,” differences in flange shape, component thickness, weight, and technical specifications mean they serve different purposes. An incorrect choice can impact the structure’s weight, procurement costs, and even the execution of connections.
In this article, we examine the differences between IPE, INP, and IPB beams, as well as key points regarding their selection and purchase.
What Is an IPE Beam?
The IPE beam is one of the most widely used structural beams in Iran. Its most distinctive visual feature is the parallelism of the flange surfaces and the nearly constant thickness of the flange from end to end.
This uniform structure simplifies the execution of connections, the installation of plates, and the use of bolts and welds. IPE beams are generally used for primary and secondary building beams, trusses, metal frames, and various structural components.
According to European technical standards, IPE sections feature parallel flanges, and their dimensions are defined by the EN 10365 standard.
Characteristics of IPE Beams
Flanges with nearly uniform thickness
Appearance resembling the letter “I”
Widespread use in construction
Good availability in the Iranian market
Easier execution of certain connections
Available in various sizes and weights
The number following “IPE” typically indicates the nominal height of the section in millimeters. For instance, the nominal height of an IPE 180 beam is approximately 180 mm; however, other dimensions and the weight must be verified using the Stahl table or the manufacturer’s catalog.
What is an INP beam?
The INP beam—often referred to as IPN in European technical literature—resembles the IPE beam in appearance, but its flange thickness is not uniform. The flanges are thicker near the web and taper (decrease in thickness) as they approach the edges.
The inner surface of the flange is sloped in this profile. According to technical data for IPN sections, the flange slope is approximately 14%. This specific visual characteristic is one of the easiest ways to distinguish it from the IPE beam.
Characteristics of INP beams
Sloped flanges
Decreasing flange thickness towards the edges
Overall appearance resembling the letter “I”
Differences in connection detailing compared to IPE
Manufactured according to specific European standards
More limited availability in certain segments of the Iranian market compared to IPE
The use of INP beams must strictly adhere to structural drawings and the design engineer’s calculations. Substituting it with an IPE beam without verifying geometric specifications, weight, and section capacity is not advisable.
What is an IPB (or “Hash”) beam?
In the Iranian market, the IPB beam is commonly known as the “Hash” beam or “wide-flange” beam. The flange width of this section is greater relative to its web height than that of standard beams, giving it an appearance resembling the letter “H.”
In European technical literature, wide-flange sections are generally classified under the HE family, which includes categories such as HEA, HEB, and HEM. Consequently, the term IPB in the market may refer to a family of wide-flange sections rather than a single product with fixed specifications. Common Types of H-Beams (Wide-Flange Beams)
HEA (Light H-Beam):
Lighter than HEB and HEM; used in projects requiring a wide-flange section with lower weight.
HEB (Heavy H-Beam):
Heavier and thicker than HEA; used for columns, industrial frames, and components bearing higher loads.
HEM (Extra-Heavy H-Beam):
One of the heaviest members of the H-beam family; selected for specialized conditions and heavy loads.
Characteristics of IPB Beams
Wide, parallel flanges
H-shaped appearance
Better stability in certain directions compared to narrower sections
Used in columns, beams, and industrial structures
Suitable for specific structural connections
Available in light, heavy, and extra-heavy varieties
The choice between HEA, HEB, and HEM should be based on blueprints, loading requirements, member length, connection type, and structural calculations.
Differences Between IPE, INP, and IPB Beams at a Glance
| Feature | IPE | INP (or IPN) | IPB (H-Beam) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | I | I | H |
| Flange Profile | Parallel and uniform | Tapered (sloped) | Wide and parallel |
| Flange Width | Standard | Standard | Wide |
| Common Use | Building beams | Per plans/standards | Columns & heavy structures |
| Varieties | Various IPE sizes | Various IPN sizes | HEA, HEB, HEM |
| Visual ID | Uniform flange thickness | Tapered inner flange surface | Wide flanges |
This table is for preliminary identification only. The actual capacity of each section must be determined using the specific product’s technical data sheet.
How to Distinguish Between These Three Beams?
For preliminary identification, observe the inner flange surface and flange width:
If the inner surface of the flanges is parallel and the flange thickness appears relatively constant, it is likely an IPE section. If the flange is thicker near the web and tapers toward the edge, you are likely dealing with an INP or IPN profile.
If the flange is wide and the cross-section resembles an “H” shape, it falls into the IPB or HE family.
However, visual inspection alone is insufficient for professional procurement. You must also verify the markings stamped on the product, the bundle tag, the technical certificate, and the actual weight and dimensions.
What should be checked when purchasing I-beams?
- Profile type and standard
Before requesting a price quote, determine the exact type of I-beam based on the blueprints. A generic description like “Size 18 I-beam” is inadequate; the standard, manufacturer, weight, and steel grade must also be specified.
- Weight per unit
The weight of the I-beam affects both the order price and its technical specifications. The actual weight of the shipment should be verified against weighbridge readings, the manufacturer’s specifications, and the permissible ranges defined by the standard.
- Geometric dimensions
Web height, flange width, and the thicknesses of the web and flange are key specifications. Any deviation beyond permissible limits in these dimensions may…
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